Purpose, task and the stages of consultation

Trofimov O.K., Этот e-mail защищен от спам-ботов. Для его просмотра в вашем браузере должна быть включена поддержка Java-script
Ukrainian association of the management- consultants

The final goal of consultation is aid to client to accomplish progressive changes in his organization. Consultant helps to reveal and to solve specific technical problems, concerning, at the same time, human problems and aspects of organizational changes.

The basic task of konsaltinga is identification and location of the methods of solution of the existing problems. Konsaltingovye services are achieved both in the form of single consultations and in the form of konsaltingovykh projects. There are many separations of konsaltingovogo process into the stages ([ 5 ], [ 6 ], [ 7 ], [ 13 ] and other). Any konsaltingovyy project includes the following basic stages:
diagnostics (development of problems);
the development of the solutions;
the introduction of the solutions.

Posadskiy A.P. notes [ 16 ] that the konsaltingovyy process, besides the design stage, includes predesign and post-design stages.

With the primary step of predesign stage is acknowledgement the client of the presence in it of such problem, whose solution he would want to carry out with the aid of the consultants. This acknowledgement is the result of the double-sided process: from one side - realization by the client of the presence of problem as such, with another - shaping in the manager of the desire to charge the development of the solution of problem to consultants. Usually client on the competitive basis selects from several proposals that, which most of all approaches to him from the point of view of quality and price, after which concludes the contract with the consultant selected with it.

Post-design stage consists in analysis of the occured in the kliyentnoy organization changes, resolution of the questions, connected with the possible expansion of project in connection with the new problems - either by those revealed in the course of the realization of project or by those arisen as the consequence of reaching by the organization of new state as a result of the realization of project. Within the framework of this stage are performed also the final financial calculations of client with the consultant and the introspection of the activity of consultant for purposes of the comprehension of the obtained experience for its use in other projects.

Konsaltingovyy project can occupy from several days to several months. With the solution of problems adapts the integral approach, with which is considered the interrelation of different aspects of the activity of enterprise.

For achievement of maximum effectiveness with the fulfillment of konsaltingovykh projects is created the command of project, into composition of which enter the experts in different subject areas and managers, who control the motion of project. During decision making, diagnostics of problems and production of recommendations the methods of organizing the joint effort of the command of project widely adapt.

The primary task of konsaltingovogo project is the achievement of a maximally high quality of the solution of problem with the observance of financial and temporary limitations.

Consultation of process is the method of development and changing the organizations. The purpose of the application of this method is the increase in the productivity and/or the improvement in the psychological climate in the organization, reached at the participation of the independent, external consultant. In the center of attention stands not only solution of the vital problems of organization, but also acquisition of the habits of analysis, estimation and solution of the problems of client. In this sense the consultant must accomplish two tasks: from one side - to follow the solution of the existing problems, with another - to show the way of organization to independently solve vital problems in the future.

At present by consultation is understood the joint operation of consultant and client with development and introduction of innovations (collective, joint efforts) - "partisipativnoye" consultation. The author of this work considers that also in the Ukraine to precisely this form of consultation belongs the future.

The degree of the involvement of client into the konsaltingovyy project varies from it is specific konsaltingovykh services. Being commensurate the expenditures of the time of personnel of client and the results of the work of kosul'tanta, it is possible to determine the necessary degree of the involvement of personnel into the activity of consultant.

The effectiveness of the work of consultant will be minimum, if client not at all participates in it. Further this effectiveness grows with an increase in the involvement of client and after reaching of optimum point the effectiveness begins to fall, therefore, client begins to carry out his work for the consultant. Understands the curve of this graph will change depending on the form of the decided problems, on stage or phase of konsaltingovogo project and, certainly, from the very form of konsaltingovykh services.

With expert consultation the client gives information consultant, he checks his activity, masters his recommendations and the appropriate administrative decisions are made. With the the protsessnom - the client besides that point out aboveed participates in the development of recommendations and, with the trainer - personnel of client spend additional time on the training exercises.

In the concrete projects or at their different stages can be used the combinations of all three of those enumerated it is specific consultation, and then it becomes expert -proqessnym, proqessno- trainer, expert- trainer, etc.

In the western countries is achieved predominantly protsessnoye and consultation is expert -proqessnoe, whereas in the Ukraine the widest use obtained expert and expert- training consultation.

The work of consultant begins from the fact that some condition is recognized as unsatisfactory and there is a possibility to correct it. Concludes such work, when under this condition occurred the change, which can be considered as improvement. The work of consultant includes interaction of different it is specific business activity, it affects technological, economic, financial, juridical, psycho-sociological, political and other aspects of the activity of organization. All changes, planned and realized with the aid of the consultant, must contribute to an improvement in the quality of management and to an increase in the effectiveness in the work of organization. These are the basic purposes of the use of consultants, although an "improvement in the management" and "effectiveness the work of organization" are relative concepts and their precise value should be determined in the context of each concrete organization and concrete konsaltingovogo project.

There are several typical tasks for consultation depending on quality or level of the situation, which it encountered the organization- client:
the task to the correction of situation, which deteriorated;
the task to the improvement of situation, which already exists;
task to the creation of completely new situation.

Should be also noted two sides of possible changes in the organization- client:
the technical side, which is concerned the nature of the administrative or commercial problem, which encounters the client; consultant finds the ways of its analysis and solution;
human side, i.e., interrelation between the consultant and the client, the reaction of people in the organization of customer to the changes; consultant helps with planning of these interrelations and their realization.

Effective consultation shows, how it is necessary to manage these two sides of changes in organization. These problems are interconnected and consultant must understand this.

"changes are the sense of consultation on the problems of control. If all various forms of consultative tasks have one general characteristic, then this is aid in planning and realization of changes in the organizations of clients "[ 6].

The characteristics of changes are the following [ 7 ]:
to what extent is important their approval by personnel for their successful realization;
as the influence of changes in the enterprise is deep;
how this enterprise is prepared to the changes.

There are different levels of changes [ 6 ]:
change in the environment;
organizational changes into:
to basic structure;
tasks and activity;
the technology used;
administrative structures and processes;
to organizational culture;
the effectiveness of the work of organization;
people.

The author of this work emphasizes that in the Ukraine, where political, economically, social, technological and other changes occur chaotically, consultants and their clients must not forget, that also people, and enterprises require not only the changes, but also the stability and the succession. And the presence of the equilibrium between the changes and the stability is one and the vital tasks of consultant.