Franchayzing in the small business (prospect and problem). A. Leonov

The contemporary development of small business requires the solution of a whole series of the problems, which can substantially decrease the economic effectiveness of enterprise. Most complex are:

the need of expanding the realization of production, produced by one firm on the wide, frequently regional market;

the need of the attraction of specialists for the dilerskuyu network of important firms;

the complexity of the cooperation of the enterprises of small and large business;

reduction in the effectiveness and shortening the life of the enterprises of small business.

New economic mechanisms be required for the solution of all enumerated problems.

One of such mechanisms is franchayzing. It is possible to assert that franchayzing, at present, the only, known tool, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of small business. It gives the possibility to combine the merits of small and large enterprise.

At present in Russia possible are added two basic trends in development of franchayzinga:

penetration into Russia of foreign firms, which draw as franchayzi of Russian owners;

the development of franchayzinga by Russian firms.

It should be noted that both these directions have right to existence and, that especially importantly, already they realize with different degree of success.

The first direction, the penetration into Russia of foreign franchayzerov and attraction of Russian owners as franchayzi has already been developed.

Already more than 10 years in Russia there are franchayzingovye networks of restaurants of rapid nourishment, system of the rendering of everyday services, retail trade and number of others.

However, it is difficult to assume that possibility the developments of this economic tool are completely exhausted on this.

In Russia franchayzing is promising in the following forms of business.

y.Proizvodstvo and the realization of technically complex production, intended for the use by a population.

Russian commodity producer is very frequently capable to produce the fairly complicated goods, intended for the mass user to those being inferior, or not not substantially which be inferior to imported analogs.

Franchayzing can make it possible to solve the problem of the advance of complex production, after ensuring these goods with entire necessary service.

As a similar production can come out automobiles, complex household equipment, audio - video equipment, computers and another similar technology.

2.Okazaniye of aid in organization and conducting of business. The contemporary development of business, especially small, requires the rendering of the entire complex of the services, which occur to owners.

This can be:

administrative consultation, including: business - konsalting; Audit and bookkeeping calculation; juridical services, including patent; information processing; office management;

advertisement;

work with the personnel, including: selection; the leasing of personnel; the fulfillment of concrete works;

technical consultation.

3. Building and the repair of habitable and uninhabited accomodations. By this form of business, with the use of franchayzinga, can be occupied either important architectural and construction firms or firm, the producers of building materials.

As the basic goods, realizable franchayzi, they can come out:

the building of dwelling on the individual projects;

work on repair and modernization of habitable and uninhabited accomodations.

ya.Uslugi, connected with the formation. First of all the discussion deals with the paid educational services. The need for such services grew lately, since role formation in the professional preparation constantly increases.

They appear as the basic goods, intended for the end user,:

tutorship;

instruction in foreign languages;

the departments (courses) of an increase in the qualification.

shch.Otdykh and entertainment. This form of business covers hotel business, tourism and sport.

They come out as franchayzerov:

the corporations of hotels, interested in the expansion of the sphere of their influence and which create to itself network from the hotels on the rights of franchayzi;

the large tourist agencies, which organize sale of passes both independently and through its of franchayzi. As the latter can come out - small tourist firms and tourist operators, houses and bases of leisure, sanatorium, dispensary;

the important producers of sport equipment and inventory, which, attempting to enlarge the market for the sale of its production, create the network of its own sport clubs and stadiums as franchayzi;

the analogous network of our own sport clubs and stadiums as franchayzi, they can create important sport associations.

the '.Obshchestvennoye nourishment, as object franchayzinga already repeatedly was examined earlier. This form of the business in franchayzinge of additional commentaries does not require.

".Meditsinskiye and cosmetic services. Medical services occupy special position in this form of business. Their basic special feature is the fact that as franchayzera come out the funds for the medical insurance, which themselves by public health are not occupied, but accumulate means for treating the patients according to the principle of insurance company, but medical services render therapeutic institutions, being appeared franchayzi:

hospital;

polyclinic;

sanatorium.

Cosmetic services render cosmetic offices and centers, being appeared franchayzi, and franchayzerami, most frequently, become important cosmetic firms (producers of cosmetic).

8.Roznichnaya trade. This form of business is organized either by the important commercial firms, which, coming out as franchayzera, create universal stores or commercial points on the rights of franchayzi. Is possible the creation of franchayzingovoy network and by the producers of the food and industrial goods, which draw franchayzi only for the trade in its production.

9.Bytovye services. This form of business covers the diverse individual services to population, such as: repair, guarantee and post-warranty maintenance, cleaning and washing, rental and so on.

The services to connection very frequently carry to this form of business.

The development of franchayzinga in Russia encounters with whole of sets of problems, in which it is possible to isolate the following directions.

Economic problems of franchayzinga:

the absence of stability in the economy - constant repartition of markets and property;

absence in the larger part of the owners of starting capital, necessary for the start in franchayzingovye systems;

the complexity of obtaining the credit and nonconformity to the profitableness of franchayzi, regular payments and rate of bank credit;

the absence of the system of the economic stimulation of franchayzinga.

It is organizational - the lawful problems:

the absence of the necessary legislative base;

the consideration of financial flows (bookkeeping calculation);

the problem of taxation;

the protection of intellectual property;

antimonopolistic regulation;

the lawful aspects of advertisement.

Socially - the psychological problems of franchayzinga:

the absence of its own experience and the fear of failure;

the weak training of owners in the region of contemporary economic tools, in particular - franchayzinga;

the absence of proper respect for intellectual property;

the fear to lose independence and its own "face" of owner and manager.

Formation as the mechanism of permission socially - the psychological problems:

the weak training of the representatives of small business in the sphere of franchayzinga;

the absence of the possibility to obtain consultations on the problems of franchayzinga;

the absence in the curricula of VUZ - Institute of Higher Education of independent blocks and training objects on franchayzingu.